Regulator for electric generators and motors



(No Model.) 7 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 W. K. FREEMAN.

REGULATOR FOR ELEOT RIO GENERATORS AND MOTORS. No. 309,536. PatentedDec. 23, 1884.

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(No Model.) I 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. K. FREEMAN.

REGULATOR FOR ELECTRIC GBNERATORS'AND MOTORS.

No. 309,536. Patented Dec. 23, 1884.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

WALTER K. FREEMAN, OF BROOKLYN NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO MONARCH ELECTRICCOMPANY, OF XEV YORK.

REGULATOR FOR ELECTRIC G ENERATORS AND MOTORS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 309,536, dated December23, 1884. Application filed March 2 1, 1584. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern: the armature, after the usual manner. Theop- Be it known that I, W ALTER K. FREEMAN, posite poles of themachine-circuit are india cltizen of the United States, and a residentof cated by the signs and the circuit is un- 5 5 Brooklyn, in the countyof Kings and State of dcr ordinary conditions from to and through 5 NewYork, have invented certain new and the field-magnet coils to brush 13,armatureuseful Improvements in Dynamo-Electric and brush 1 and out atElectro-Dynamic Machines, of which the fol- O 0 indicate sets ofopposing coils wound lowlng is a specification. on the field-magnet, andconnected with one 60 Myinvention relates to meansl'or governingterminal of the coils O at a point, as a. The and regulatingdynamo-electric and electrocircuit from a through the coils G tothencgadynamic machines, and is designed to furnish t-ive side ot' themachine-circuit is conimproved means for governing the strength oftrolled by a switch, S, of any suitable or de the field in which thearmature of the machine sired construction, that is adapted to be moved65 revolves, for automatically regulating or 0011- over a series ofcontacts, Z), to which the tertrolling the speed of the machine whenused minals oi the coils O are connected in the 1nanas an electricmotor, and likewise to provide ner indicated, the lower. pair of coils Gin a safety appliance for bringing the motor to the same horizontalplane being connected to restin case of derangement or stoppage of thethe first contact I) to the left of the switch in mechanism, whereby itsspeed is governed and the position shown, and the other pairs to thekept within bounds. remaining contacts in regular order. The

The object of my invention is also to permit coils G are connected withone another in setwo or more electric motors to be safely and rics, andfrom the coimccting-wire between properly run upon the same circuitwithout each two pairs a loop-connection is taken to a interference withone another. contact I). The terminal. of the series 0' is My inventionconsists in the novel arrange connectedto thelei't-hand contact I). Thecoils ments and combinations, that will be herein 0 are connected insuch way to the circuit as described in connection with the accompatotend to oppose the influence of the main or nying drawings, and will bemore specifically charging coils O, and are preferably of coarse Scstated in the claims at the end of this spccifiwire of the same size asthat used for coils O. cation. They are also, preferably, the same innum- In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is ber or amount, so as toexert the same in an elevation of the field-magnet of an electricfluence upon the field-magnet core, with the motor or generator, showingapplied thereto effect that if the switch S be on the left-hand 85 thesystem of coils and circuits whereby the stud or contact I), all of thecoils C will be in 5 strength of the field-magnet maybe regulated.circuit with the coils C, and the strength of Fig. 2 is a diagram of thecircuits shown in the field-magnetism will be ail. As the coils Fig. 1.Fig. 3 is an edge view of an electric O are to be used in series withthe coils C no motor, with a portion of the speed-governing particularpains need be taken to balance or 0 device of my invention shown invertical secadjust their effects to one another, and as the 40 tion.Fig. at is a plan of the apparatus shown coils O are of coarse wire,their resistance, in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is aside elevation of the apevenwhen all are in circuit, is of no appreciaparatus shown in Fig. 3. bleconsequence. By turning the switch S Referring to Fig. 1, N S indicatethe pole the strength of the field-magnet may be grad- 5 pieces oFafieldcf-force magnet of any usual ually cut down as the number ofopposing 5 or proper construction as used with an eleccoils C in circuitwith coils G is increased, trio motor or generator; A, the armature ofthus diminishing the electro-motive force of the machine, andBB thecommutator-brushes the machine if it be used as a generator, and bywhich current is conveyed to or from the its speed if it be used as amotor. The number we armature-coils. of the coils O is the normal ormaximum num- O O Oindicate the usual or ordinary coils of her employedfor giving to the machine its wire upon the field-magnet, which coilsare normal or maximum capacity as a motor or a here shown as being inthe same circuit with generator. The switch S normally, or when on theright-hand contact-stud, completes the l field-magnetism andcompensating for the in circuit from the charging-coils directly toline, but if turned to the left breaks such connection and compels thecurrent passing through the charging-coils to pass through one or morepairs of opposing coils 0* before reachingline, thus cutting down thefield-magnetism to an extent dependent on the number of coils C incircuit.

The above method of regulating or determining the strength of thefield-magnet may be conveniently combined with suitable speed mechanismto constitute a speed-governor for an electric motor, the action beingin such case to keep the speed down when the strength of the currentincreases, by automatically introducing opposing coils U in circuit.Such an arrangement is shown in Figs. 3, l, and 5.

I11 place of the form of switch indicated in Fig. 1 I by preferenceemploy a switch consisting of a cylinder, D, made up of a set of ringsinsulated from one another and properly secured together, and acontaet-piston, G, moving in said cylinder and connected with thenegative pole of the circuit in the same manner as the switch S, Fig. l.The rings are connected in the same manner as the contacts I), Fig. 1,to the coils G and to the terminal of the charging-coils O, the latterconnection being made by a wire, 7, Fig. 5, that is connected to theinner or righthand ring, against which latter the piston bears when thespeed mechanism by which the switch is operated is out of action.Connection with the piston is made by a binding-post, f, in electricalconnection with the metal frame or block in which red F, supporting thepiston, moves. The piston is operated by any suitable mechanism actingin accordance with variations in the speed of the motor to move thepiston in one direction or the other, so as to increase or decrease thenumber of coils (L in circuit, according as the speed tends to increaseor diminish by a rise or fall of the current strength in the circuit inwhich the motor is operated. A convenientmechanism for this purpose is aball governor of any of the usual kinds employed with steam-engines.

In the drawings, F indicates the spindle, of a simple form, whichspindle carries the piston G, and is connected to the spring-supportsfor the balls g g of the speed mechanism.

The device is rotated by a belt connecting the wheel h upon the sleeve7: with the shaft of the motor, as indicated in Fig. 5, with the obviouseffect of pulling the spindle to the left as the speed rises.

The speed mechanism is set so that with a normal speed of rotation nomovement of this kind will be produced, and the switch-piston willremain in contact with the ring connected by wire 7 directly with theterminal of the chargingcoils. If, 1lOWG"6l, the speed increase, owingto increase in the driving-can rent, the spindle F will be drawn to theleft, so as to introduce an opposing coil 0 into circuit with coils 0,thus cutting down the crease in the strength of the current.

In order to provide for the automatic shunting of the motor in case ofbreakage ofthe belt, which is applied to the pulley IL, I pivot theframe carrying the working parts of the speed mechanism in any suitablemanner, as at m, so that it may swing in a horizontal plane and in adirection to act upon or close suitable contacts, when it is not held bythe belt in the position shown in the drawlngs. A spring, l\I, appliedto an arm, 1%, serves to move the frame in the direction of the arrow,it the belt slip from its pulleys or break, and to thus bring the arm Itagainst a suitable contact, T, thus closing a shunt-circuit around themachine. The arm It is of metal, and forms an extension from the sleeveupon which the bindingpost f is mounted, and is therefore in directelectrical connection with the negative pole of the circuit. The contactT is connected in any suitable manner, as by wlre S, with the positivepole, so that when T and it are in contact a cross or short circuitaround the motor is formed. 'lly this means the motor is brought torest, and at the same time the circuit for other motors in series withthe shunted motor is preserved.

That I claim as my invention is 1. In an electric generator or motor,the combination, with the field-magnet charging coils, of a set ofsupplemental opposing coils normally out of circuit, and means forincluding said coils in series with the main or charging coils.

2. In an electric motor or generator, the combination, with thefield-magnet, of a set of opposing coils and means for including agreater or less number of said coils in series with the main or chargingcoils, as and for the purpose described.

In an electric motor, the combination, with the field-magnet, ofopposing or neutralizing coils and devices controlled by changes in thespeed of the motor for varying the number of said coils that shall be atany time in action.

4. The combination, with an electric motor, of a set of opposing coilswound upon the field-magnet, a switch controlling the number of saidcoils that shall be in circuit, and devices responding to changes in thespeed of the motor for acting on said switch, as and for the purposedescribed.

5. The combination, with an electric motor, of a set of field-magnetcoils and devices acting in accordance with the speed of the motor todetermine the number of said coils that shall be at any time in circuit.

6. The combination, with an electric motor, of a speed-governor andmeans controlled by the driving devices of the speed-governor forautomatically closing a shunt in case the driving devices break whilethe motor is running.

7. The combination, with an electric motor, of a set of opposing coilswound on the fieldmagnet, speed mechanism controlling the cir- IIO iieldin which the armature moves, nicehanisin responsive to changes in thespeed ofthe motor for controlling said adjusting devices, and aslinntingswiteh held open by the driving-belt for the speed mechanism.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,this 22d day of 20 March, A. D. lSS-i.

WALTER K. FREEMAN.

\Vitnesses:

Tiros. TOOMEY, Gno. U. COFFIN.

